Sejarah Konversi Khalifah Al-Rasul Menjadi Khalifatullah

Abstract

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas sejarah konversi khalifah al-rasul menjadi khalifatullah, yang mana, dalam perjalanan sejarah Islam pasca wafatnya rasulullah, kepemimpinan dalam Islam mengalami beberapa kali pergantian. Setelah rasulullah wafat, kepemimpinan di kendalikan oleh empat sahabat nabi, yakni Abu Bakar As-Shidiq, Umar Bin Khattab, Utsman Bin Affan, dan Ali Bin Abi Tholib. Yang mana keempat sahabat ini dikenal dengan sebutan Khulafaur Rasyidin. Pasca kepemimpinan khulafaur rasyidin, kepemimpinan selanjutnya beralih ke Dinasti Umayyah yang terdiri dari empat belas pemimpin. Kemudian setelah dinasti Umayyah tumbang, munculah kepemimpinan Dinasti Abbasiyah yang dipimpin oleh 37 pemimpin. Yang mana dari munculnya dinasti abbasiyah inilah gejolak selain khalifah Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, konversi dari khalifah al-rasul menjadi khalifatullah mulai tampak. Di akhir berdirinya dinasti abbasiyah tersebut, ketika abbasiyah mulai lemah, berdirilah dua kekhalifahan yakni, kekhalifahan Fatimiyah di Afrika Utara dan kekhalifahan Dinasti umayyah II Andalusia.

Kata kunci: Sejarah, Konversi, Khalifah al-rasul, khalifatullah.

Abstract

This article discusses the history of conversion of the caliph of al-rasul to khalifatullah. Which, in the course of Islamic history after the death of the apostle, leadership in Islam experienced several changes. After the Prophet's death, leadership was handled by four Companions of the Prophet, Abu Bakr As-Shidiq, Umar Bin Khattab, Utsman Bin Affan, and Ali Bin Abi Tholib. Which these four friends are known as Khulafaur Rasyidin. After the rulership of khulafaur rasyidin, the leadership then shifted to the Umayyad Dynasty consisting of fourteen leaders. Later after the Umayyad dynasty collapsed, the leadership of the Abbasid Dynasty led by 37 leaders. Which of the emergence of this abbasiyah dynasty is the turmoil besides Caliph Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, the conversion of the caliph al-rasul to khalifatullah began to appear. At the end of the abbasiyah dynasty, when abbasiyah began to weaken, stood two caliphate namely, the Fatimid caliphate in North Africa and the Caliphate of the umayyah Dynasty of Andalusia II.

Keywords: History, Conversion, Caliph al-rasul, khalifatullah.