THE INDONESIAN ISLAM: LAW AND THE IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE.

Iskandar Syukur, Noor Sulastry Yurni Ahmad

Abstract


Abstract: The Indonesian Islam: Law and the Ideological Perspective. This article is aimed at exploring the development of Islam in Indonesia with particular references to the ideological perspective and its impact on Islamic law. At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were two ideologies in Indonesian Muslims. The first ideology believes that the consistence with traditions is very important while the other believes that Islamic teachings are able to change according to time and place. Although having difference in orientation, both ideologies devoted themselves to social, religious and political activities. In political sphere, however, both ideologies, were faced with secular nationalist ideology. Such a competition ended with a failure that made Indonesian Muslims receding into the background. After realizing of the failure in politics, both ideologies turn their orientation to cultural Islam. Through this orientation, peaceful and mutual understanding between Muslims and state began to grow. Subsequently, the government, especially New Order regime, identified itself with the religious activities and opened a chance to promote Islamic values. It was from such a relationship that the Islamic law gradually developed in Indonesia.

 

Abstrak: Islam Indonesia: Perspektif Ideologis dan Hukum. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap perkembangan Islam di Indonesia dengan titik berat pada aspek ideologis dan pengaruhnya pada hukum Islam. Seperti dimaklumi, sejak awal abad ke-dua puluh, ada dua bentuk ideologi yang hidup di kalangan umat Islam Indonesia; Ideologi pertama percaya bahwa konsistensi dengan tradisi sangatlah penting sementara ideologi yang lain percaya bahwa ajaran Islam dapat berubah sesuai dengan tempat dan waktu. Meski berbeda orientasi, kedua ideologi tersebut sebenarnya sama-sama memiliki kepedulian terhadap dunia politik. Di dunia politik, kedua ideologi itu, dengan karakternya masing-masing, kemudian berhadapan dengan ideologi nasionalis sekuler. Kompetisi itu yang kemudian berujung kepada kegagalan dan membuat perkembangan umat Islam di Indonesia surut ke belakang. Setelah gagal dalam bidang politik, kedua ideologi tersebut mengubah orientasi mereka menjadi Islam kultural. Melalui orientasi ini, sikap saling memahami mulai terbangun antara antara umat Islam dan pemerintah. Bahkan, pada tahapan berikutnya, pemerintah, khususnya rezim Orde Baru, mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan kegiatan keagamaan dan memberikan kesempatan untuk mempromosikan nilai-nilai Islam. Lewat hubungan yang demikian itulah hukum Islam di Indonesia secara berangsur-angsur berkembang.


Keywords


The Indonesian Islam; law; ideology; Islam Indonesia; hukum; ideologi

Full Text:

PDF PDF

References


Abdurrahim, Rohani, Muslim in Indonesia and the Notion of an Islamic State, Selangor: Dewan Pustaka Islam, 1991.

Ali, Fachry and Effendy, Bahtiar, Merambah Jalan Baru Islam, Bandung: Mizan, 1986.

Anwar, Rosihan, “Islam and Politics in Indonesia”, in Man, State, and Society in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Ed. Robert 0. Tilman, 115-131, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1969.

Aulawi, Wasit, Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional, Karya Ilmiah disampaikan pada Upacara Pengukuhan Guru Besar Tetap dalam Ilmu Hukum Fikh IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 1989.

Aziz, Abdul, others, Gerakan Islam Kontemporer di Indonesia, Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1989.

Benda, Harry J.,”Kontinuitas dan Perubahan dalam Islam di Indonesia”, In Sejarah dan Masyarakat: Lintasan Histori Islam di Indonesia, Ed. Taufik Abdullah, Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1987.

Boland, B. J., The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia, Haque: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982.

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama, Downloaded on November 15, 2014.

Fiderspiel, Howard M., Muslim Intellectuals and National Development in Indonesia, New York: Nova Publishers, Inc., 1991.

Gani, M. A., Cita Dasar & Pola Perjuangan Syarikat Islam, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1984.

Geertz, Clifford, “Modernization in a Muslim Society: The Indonesian Case”, In Man, State, and Society in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Ed. Robert 0. Tilman, 201 -211. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1969.

______, Religion of Java, London: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1959.

Haar, B. Ter., Adat Law in Indonesia, Ed. and Trans. E. Adamson Hoebel and A. Arthur Schiller, New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1948.

Hefner, Robert W., “Islam, State and Civil Society: ICMI and the Struggle for the Indonesia Middle Class”, Indonesia, 56 (October,1993): 1-36.

Hooker, H. B., A Concise Legal History of South-East Asia, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.

Hutagalung, Muara P., Hukum Islam dalam Era Pembangunan, Ind. Hill-Co, 1985.

Ibrohim, Ahmad bin Mohd., “The Administration of Muslim Law in Indonesia.” Islamic Culture 43 (1969): 109-24.

Karim, M. Rusli, Islam dan Konflik Politik Era Order Baru, Jogjakarta: PT. Media Widya Mandala, 1992.

______, Nuansa Gerak Politik Era 1980-an di Indonesia, Jogjakarta: PT. Media Widya Mandala, 1992.

Kuntowijoyo, “Religion, State and Social Formation in Indonesia”, Mizan, No. 3. Vol.1 (1984): 8-2

Maarif, Ahmad Syafi’I, Islam dan Masalah Kenegaraan, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1987.

______, “Islam and Nationalism in Indonesia”, Mizan, No. 4. Vol. I (1984): 10-17.

______, “Islam in Indonesia: Cultural Opportunity”, Mizan, No. I. Vol. I (1984): 6-7.

Madjid, Nurcholis, “Islam in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities”, Mizan, No. 3. Vol. I (1984): 71-85.

Mudzhar, Muhammad Atho’, Fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Ulama: A study of Islamic Legal thought in Indonesia, Ph.D. Dessertation, Michigan University, 1991.

Nicholson, Clara Kibby, The Introduction of Islam into Sumatra and Java: A Study in Social Change, Ph.D. Dessertation, Michigan University, 1982.

Nieuwenhuijze, C. A. 0 Van, Aspects of Islam in Post-Colonial Indonesia, Bandung: W Van Hoeve Ltd., 1958.

Noeh, Zaini Ahmad, Peradilan Agama Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: PT. Intermasa, 1990.

Noer, Deliar, “Islam as a Political Force in Indonesia”, Mizan, No. 4 Vol. I (1984): 32- 47.

______, Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta : LP3ES, 1985.

Peacock, James L, Gerakan Muhammadiyah Membumikan Ajaran Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: Cipta Kreatif, 1986.

Perwiranegara, H. Alamsjah Ratu, Islam dan Pembangunan Politik di Indonesia, Jakarta: CV. Haji Masagung, 1987.

Samson, Allan, “Conception of Politics, Power, and Ideology, in Contemporary Indonesian Islam”, In Political Power and Communications in Indonesia, Eds. Karl D. Jackson and Lucian W. Pye, 196-226, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

Steenbrink, Karel, Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam, Amsterdam: Atlanta, GA 1993.

Ward, K. E, The Foundation of the Partai Muslimin Indonesia, Ithaca: Modern Indonesia Project Southeast Asia Program Cornell University, 1970.

Yakub, Tengku, Ismail, Sejarah Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: Widjaya, 1973.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v12i2.3016

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 AL-'ADALAH

Creative Commons License

Al-'Adalah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.