HEGEMONY DA'WAH OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA KIAI IN THE 2020 REGENT ELECTION: A CASE STUDY IN SEMARANG DISTRICT

Ahmad Shofi Muhyiddin

Abstract


Kiai as a religious elite have a high "bargaining position" in winning election candidates, including in the 2020 election for the Semarang district regent. This paper discusses the hegemony da’wah of the NU kiai in Semarang district in the 2020 election for the Semarang district regent, so that it is included in the field research category using a critical qualitative approach method that is descriptive-analytic in nature using Antonio Gramsci's hegemonic theory analysis technique. The data was obtained through observation at the PCNU office in the Semarang district and two sub-districts; Bandungan and West Ungaran, which were the places for the preaching activities of the NU kiai for 3 months, from May to July 2023, by interviewing 6 informants from elements of the structural kiai, cultural kiai, PCNU officials and the general public. This research shows that the motives for the involvement of the NU kiai in the 2020 election for the Semarang district head are to fight for Islamic values that are raḥmatan lil 'ālamīn, uphold amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, and develop Islamic boarding schools. Then, the hegemony da'wah of the NU kiai in winning the candidate in the 2020 election for the Semarang district regent was realized through two parts; The first part is the process of hegemony over ordinary rural communities which is carried out through a spiritual approach. In its real form, the practice of hegemony is carried out through routine recitations or what is commonly called Naharul Ijtima'  which is held every Kliwon  Sunday. "Subjecting knowledge" is directed as a form of obedience to the preaching of the kiai in order to get blessings. The second part is educated people and NU officials. Hegemony in this section is carried out by utilizing educated community discussion forums and coordination meetings by all officials, both NU institutional officials and NU autonomous body officials at every level. The path of hegemony for educated groups and NU officials is directed more rationally by showing a good track record that has been carried out by the pair of candidates for Regent and Deputy Regent who are promoted and then associated with the science of fiqh which discusses the legal obligation to choose leaders who are just and responsible. This legal basis is then used as the theme in routine discussions every Wage Friday and coordination meetings between NU officials once a month.

Keywords


Hegemony, NU kiai, Motives and Practices of Hegemony Da’wah.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anwar, A. “Teori Sosial Sastra”. (Yayasan Ombak, 2010)

Ambara, KH. Ibnu Dzakwan. Chairman of the DPC PKB Shura Council in Semarang District, Interview, 20 June 2023

Amrillah, M. “Dakwah Dalam Hegemoni Politik (Studi Peran Politik Kiai Pada Pemilihan Legislatif 2019 Di Kecamatan Praya Kabupaten Kabupaten Semarang Tengah),” Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2021): 9–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51806/al-hikmah.v2i3.4294.

Anggito, A. & Setiawan, J. “Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif,” (Sukabumi: CV Jejak, 2018).

Anggreini, H. “FORMASI DAN NEGOSIASI IDEOLOGI: KAJIAN HEGEMONI GRAMSCI DALAM CERPEN ‘SARMAN’ KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA.” TOTOBUANG: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2019): 159-171 https://doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v7i1.139

Anugrah, Y.V. & Fauzi, A.M. “Hegemoni Kyai terhadap Santri”. Paradigma, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2019): . Retrieved from https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/paradigma/article/view/31068

Asiyah, S. and Chasanudin, A. “Pondok Pesantren Dan Dakwah Politik: Kajian Histori Pondok Pesantren Hasyim Asy’ari Bangsri Jepara.” Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah Vol. 40, No. 1 (2020): 27–39. https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v40.1.5296.

Aziz, R. A. “Kiai Dan Politik Elektoral: Peran Kiai Yusuf Chudlori Dalam Pemenangan Kandidat Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin Pada Pilpres 2019 Di Kecamatan Tegalrejo,” Jurnal PolGov, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020): 223-276. https://doi.org/10.22146/polgov.v2i2.1678.

Bachri, B. S. “Meyakinkan Validitas Data Melalui Triangulasi Pada Penelitian Kualitatif.” Teknologi Pendidikan, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2010)" 46-62. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjO9cy3wMKAAxWJd2wGHWvmA8YQFnoECBMQAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fyusuf.staff.ub.ac.id%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F11%2Fmeyakinkan-validitas-data-melalui-triangulasi-pada-penelitian-kualitatif.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3C6MwPsilz_pzjWUJ2TFT0&opi=89978449.

Badaruddin. The Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) from the Semarang District PKB party, Interview, 25 Juni 2023

Burhanuddin. “MEMBANGUN POLA KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MENCEGAH SIKAP INTOLERANSI BERAGAMA.” Dakwah: Jurnal Kajian Dakwah Dan Kemasyarakatan, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.15408/dakwah.v21i1.11796.

Conger, J.A. “Max Weber’s Conceptualization of Charismatic Authority: Its Influence on Organizational Research.” The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 4, Issue 3-4 (1993): 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(93)90035-R.

Cucu. “Da’wah Dan Politik: Tinjauan Komunikasi Politik Propaganda Dalam Perspektif Gerakan Dakwah Nabi Saw.” ICHRD: Journal of Internantional Conference on Religion, Humanity and Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2020): 63-72. Available at: ..

Faisal, A., Pabbajah, M., Abdullah, I., Muhammad, N. E., and Rusli, M. “Strengthening Religious Moderatism through the Traditional Authority of Kiai in Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 (2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2150450.

Faridl, M. “Perilaku Sosial Politik Kiai Di Tengah Masyarakat Transisi Kasus Di Wilayah Cirebon Dan Bandung.” Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan, Vol. 21, No. 2 (2005): 165-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v21i2.171.

Fauzan, KH. Ahmad. Chairman of Tanfidhiyah PCNU Semarang District, Interview, 15 Juni 2023

Flynn, S. “Revisiting Hegemony: A Gramscian Analysis for Contemporary Social Work.” Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 29, Issue 1 (2021): 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0791603519884201.

Fone, D., Jones, A., Watkins, J., Lester, N., Cole, J., Thomas, G., Webber, M., and Coyle, E. “Using Local Authority Data for Action on Health Inequalities: The Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Study.” British Journal of General Practice, Vol. 52, No. 483 (2002): 799-804. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11070632_Using_local_authority_data_for_action_on_health_inequalities_The_Caerphilly_Health_and_Social_Needs_Study.

Gauthier, F. “Authenticity, Consumer Culture and Charismatic Authority1.” Studies in Religion-Sciences Religieuses, Vol. 50, Issue 1 (2020): 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008429820920885.

Hakiem, L. "Politik Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar : Perjuangan Dan Sikap Politik Fraksi Partai Persatuan Pembangunan Pada Sidang Tahunan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Tahun 2000", (Jakarta: Fraksi PPP, 2000)

Hanif, Dr. KH. Muhammad. Leader of the Edi Mancoro Tuntang Islamic Boarding School, Semarang District, Interview, 25 Juni 2023

Hannan, Abd. & Abdillah, K. “Hegemoni Religio-Kekuasaan dan Transformasi Sosial Mobilisasi Jaringan Kekuasaan dan Keagamaan Kyai dalam Dinamika Sosio-Kultural Masyarakat.” Sosial Budaya, Vol. 16, No. 1, (2019): 9. https://doi.org/10.24014/sb.v16i1.7037

Haris, A., and Dardum, A. “KIAI NU DAN POLITIK (KETERLIBATAN KIAI NU JEMBER DALAM KONTESTASI PILPRES 2019).” Fenomena, 2021. https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v20i1.51.

Hasanah, H. “TEKNIK-TEKNIK OBSERVASI (Sebuah Alternatif Metode Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial).” At-Taqaddum, vol. 8, No. 1 (2016): 21-46, https://doi.org/10.21580/at.v8i1.1163.

Jaques, C., Islar, M., and Lord, G. “Post-Truth: Hegemony on Social Media and Implications for Sustainability Communication.” Sustainability, Vol. 11, Issue 7 (2019): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072120.

Jiménez-Díaz, J.F. “The Political Ethic in Max Weber: Context, Analysis and Interpretation.” Perseitas, Vol. 6, Issue 1 (2018)" 99-122. https://doi.org/10.21501/23461780.2684.

Karim, A. G. "Mengapa Agama dan Politik Tidak Bisa Dipisahkan?". Sumber: https://gusdurian.net/mengapa-agama-dan-politik-tidak-bisa-dipisahkan/

Khasanah, K. “Hegemoni Kekuasaan Dan Ideologi Dalam Novel Pulang Karya Tere Liye (Sebuah Kajian Sosiologi Sastra).” Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2019): 35-48 https://doi.org/10.30998/diskursus.v2i01.6661.

Körösényi, A. “The Theory and Practice of Plebiscitary Leadership: Weber and the Orbán Regime.” East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 33, Issue. 2 (2019): 280–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325418796929.

Kurniawan, B. “Politisasi Agama Di Tahun Politik : Politik Pasca-Kebenaran Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama -, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2018): 133-154. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2018/121-07.133-154.

Lubis, H., and Rohmatillah, N. “KOMODIFIKASI OTORITAS KIAI DALAM KONTESTASI POLITIK (STUDI KOMODIFIKASI OTORITAS KIAI DI KECAMATAN PASEAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN).” Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2019): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i2p57-64.

Lufaefi. “Ambivalensi Dakwah Dan Ambisi Politik (Membaca Sisi Tak Terbaca Pada Gerakan Dakwah Mahasiswa Pembebasan).” Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2018): 103-116. https://doi.org/10.21009/hayula.002.2.01.

Madani, C. Y. and Marijan, K. “PENGARUH KIAI TERHADAP PERILAKU MEMILIH ALUMNI SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN MBI AMANATUL UMMAH PACET ANGKATAN 2017 PADA PEMILU PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN TAHUN 2019,” Jurnal Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Politics), Vol. 7, No. 1 (2021): 10–22. https://doi.org/10.20473/pi.v7i1.30877.

Mahfudx. “Konsep Komunikasi Dakwah Persuasif Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” AT-TABSYIR: Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2015): ISSN 2477-2046. Available at: . doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v2i2.499.

Masitah, D. and Muharam, M.M. “HEGEMONI AGAMA ( KYAI ) DALAM PEMILIHAN WALI KOTA PASURUAN 2020” Jurnal El-Riyasah, Vol. 12, No. 2, (2021): 234–51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jel.v12i2.14065.

Muhyiddin, A. S. “DAKWAH TRANSFORMATIF KIAI (Studi Terhadap Gerakan Transformasi Sosial KH. Abdurrahman Wahid).” Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2019)" 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v39.1.3934.

Muttaqin, KH. Zaenal. Chairman of the NU Islamic Boarding School Association (RMI-NU) Semarang District, Interview, 13 Juni 2023

Nuha, U. “Peran Politik Kiai Dalam Proses Politik Di Partai Politik (Studi Kasus Peran KH. A. Haris Shodaqoh Di Partai Persatuan Pembangunan).” POLITIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2013): 29–37, https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.3.2.2012.29-37. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/4857.

Nurhadi & Sunarso, “Peran Kiai Dalam Membangun Partisipasi Pemilih”. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2016): 169-175. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v3i2p169-175.

Pradana, M. Y. A. “RELASI SOSIAL ELIT POLITIK DAN SESEPUH DESA MELALUI LANGGAR DI KABUPATEN MALANG.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2019.131-07.

Prastiwi, M.I. “POLITISASI PESANTREN DAN PERGESERAN FUNGSI PESANTREN DI MADURA.” KARSA: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Keislaman, Vol. 23, No. 2 (2015): 208-220. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v23i2.719.

Qodir, Z. “Muhammadiyah Dan Aksi Damai Bela Islam : Rejuvenasi Politik Umat Islam?” Maarif, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2016): 135-155. http://repository.umy.ac.id/handle/123456789/13479?show=full.

Qurtuby, S. “Sejarah Politik Politisasi Agama Dan Dampaknya Di Indonesia.” MAARIF, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2018): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.47651/mrf.v13i2.21.

Rachar, M. “Power, Hegemony, and Social Reality in Gramsci and Searle.” Journal of Political Power, Vol. 9, Issue 2 (2016): 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2016.1191222.

Ridho, H. Wasik, A. and Washil, S. “Kiai Dan Politik: Relasi Ulama Dan Umara Dalam Mewujudkan Perdamaian Umat Beragama Dan Bernegara.” Tarbiya Islamia, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021); 54-66. http://ejurnal.unim.ac.id/index.php/tarbiya/article/view/1146.

Rijal, S. “Peran Politik Kiai Dalam Dalam Pendidikan Pesantren.” Tadrîs: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 9, No. 2 (2014): 203-225. https://doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v9i2.408.

Rosa, A. “POLITIK DAKWAH DAN DAKWAH POLITIK DI ERA REFORMASI INDONESIA.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2014): 57-82. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.2014.22.1.259.

Rosi, F. “Gerakan Politik Kiai Dan Dakwah Islam: Membaca Aktifitas Dakwah Dan Politik Kiai Pada Momentum Pemilu.” At-Turost : Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2020): 233-255. https://doi.org/10.52491/at.v7i2.34

Rush, M. “Parallel but Separate: Political Recruitment at Three Levels in the UK.” Workshop 17: Political Careers in a Multi-Level Europe, 2000.

Sadi, H. “Kiai Dan Politik: Mengintip Motif Kiai NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) Dalam Pemilu 2009 Di Glenmore Kabupaten Banyuwangi.” KHAZANAH PENDIDIKAN Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2016): . DOI: 10.30595/jkp.v10i1.1070. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/khazanah/article/view/1070.

Samrudi, and Faishol, A.H. “Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Dakwah Dan Politik Kiai.” DA’WA: Jurnal Bimbingan Penyuluhan & Konseling Islam Vol. 1, no. 2 (2022): 54-60. https://doi.org/10.36420/dawa.v1i2.107

Sari, N. “Kiyai Dan Politik: Analisis Peran Kiyai Dalam PIlkada OKI 2018 Kecamatan SP Padang.” Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2020): 208-225. https://doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v1i3.7428.

Shofi, I. and Talkah. “Analisis Teori Otoritas Max Webber dalam Kepemimpinan Multikultural Kiai Sholeh Bahruddin Ngalah (Studi Kepemimpinan Multikultural Di Pondok Pesantren Ngalah Pasuruan),” Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021): 134-156. https://doi.org/10.15642/jkpi.2021.11.1.134-156.

Singarimbun, M. & Effendi, S. (ed.), "Metode penelitian survai", (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1995)

Siswati, E. “ANATOMI TEORI HEGEMONI ANTONIO GRAMSCI.” Translitera : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Dan Studi Media, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2018): 11-33 https://doi.org/10.35457/translitera.v5i1.355.

Skogley, C. R. and Sawyer, C. D. “Field Research.” In Turfgrass, Vol. 32, Chap. 17 (2015), https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr32.c17.

Sugiyono. “Data Primer Dan Sekunder,” in "Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan Kombinasi (mixed Methods)". (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), 308.

Suharto and Mahmuddin. “Komunikasi Dakwah Dan Fenomena Demonstrasi Anarkis Di Makassar.” Idarotuna, Vol.3, No. 2 (2021): 116-131. https://doi.org/10.24014/idarotuna.v3i2.12163.

Suharyo. “Paradigma Kritis Dalam Penelitian Wacana.” Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Dan Sastra, Vol. 13, No. 3 (2018): 482-492. https://doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.3.482-492.

Syarif, Z. “Pergeseran Perilaku Politik Kiai Dan Santri Di Pamekasan Madura.” Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, Vol. 16, No. 2 (2016): 293-311. https://doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v16i2.500.

Tohir, KH. Nur Cholis. Chairman of the Shuro (Rois Syuriah) PCNU Semarang District, Interview, 14 Juni 2023

Ulum, B., Jannah S.R., and Arifullah, M. “Hegemoni Sosial Dan Politik Identitas Putra Daerah Jambi.” Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Perundangan Islam, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2017): 223–249. https://doi.org/10.15642/ad.2017.7.1.223-249.

Wahid, U. “Otonomi Daerah Dan Komunikasi Politik Perempuan: (Analisis Gramcian Kandidat Perempuan Parlemen Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2009).” Sosiohumaniora, Vol. 16, No. 1 (2014): 29-45 https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v16i1.5682.

Weber, Max. “The Sociology of Charismatic Authority [1922].” In Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory, Sixth Edition, 2021.

Wicaksono, F. “Kiai Kharismatik Dan Hegemoninya (Telaah Fenomena Habib Syech Bin Abdul Qadir Assegaf).” Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Global, Vol. 3, No. 3 (2019): 121-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v3i3.678.

Yuwita, N., Aminuddin, A., and Pradana, M. Y. A. “RELASI SOSIAL ELIT POLITIK DAN SESEPUH DESA MELALUI LANGGAR DI KABUPATEN MALANG,” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2019): 181-206. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2019.131-07.

Setiadi, G. “Netralitas Politik Kiai Dalam Perspektif Teori Interaksi Simbolik.” Jurnal Dakwah Risalah, Vol. 30, No. 2 (2019): 123-135. https://doi.org/10.24014/jdr.v30i2.8047.

Zamili, M. “MENGHINDAR DARI BIAS: Praktik Triangulasi Dan Kesahihan Riset Kualitatif.” LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan, Vol. 9, No. 2 (2015): 283-304. https://doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v9i2.97.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/tps.v19i2.18528

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License

All publications by Jurnal TAPIS [ISSN-p 0216-4396; ISSN-e 2655-6057 ] are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License