Theo-anthroposentrism: An Answer to Criticm of the Theory of Anthroposentrism Environmental Ethics
Abstract
This study agrees that the theory of anthropocentrism environmental ethics has a weakness because it places human interests as a moral standard, but this research disagrees with the view that this weakness is influenced by religion. Conversely, religion is an important factor for the improvement of the theory of anthropocentrism environmental ethics. This study uses a qualitative method where data is obtained through tracking and reading various literature. The collected data were analyzed with hermeneutic and heuristic theories. This study found that the weakness of the theory of anthropocentrism environmental ethics lies in its scope which is only in the interests of humans. This weakness is seen as influenced by religious understanding that places humans as the center of the universe so that it gives rise to exploitative attitudes in humans. This view is wrong because in religion (Islam) humans are indeed given a high position, but with a great responsibility to protect nature. The reconstruction of this view leads to a new form of environmental ethics, namely theo-anthropocentrism in which it is hoped that humans can act wisely on the universe as God's representatives in the world.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdillah, Junaidi. “Dekonstruksi Tafsir Antroposentrisme: Telaah Ayat-Ayat Berwawasan Lingkungan.” KALAM 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 65. https://doi.org/10.24042/klm.v8i1.168.
Ajibade, Idowu, and Gordon McBean. “Climate Extremes and Housing Rights: A Political Ecology of Impacts, Early Warning and Adaptation Constraints in Lagos Slum Communities.” Geoforum 55 (August 2014): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.05.005.
Bauman, Whitney. “Religion, Ecology, and the Planetary Other: Opening Spaces for Difference.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 83, no. 4 (December 2015): 1005–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfv043.
Big-Alabo, Sotonye. “Paul Taylors Biocentric Ethics: A Survey of Contemporary Environmental Conflicts” 6, no. 2 (2019).
“Briefer – Krisis Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Di Indonesia: Perusahaan Kelapa Sawit Dan Bubur Kertas Dengan Area Kebakaran Terbesar Tak Tersentuh Hukum - Greenpeace Indonesia.” Accessed March 10, 2023. https://www.greenpeace.org/indonesia/publikasi/3795/briefer-krisis-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-di-indonesia-perusahaan-kelapa-sawit-dan-bubur-kertas-dengan-area-kebakaran-terbesar-tak-tersentuh-hukum/.
Caciuc, Viorica - Torii. “Ecocentric Reflections on the Realization of Environmental Education.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 137 (July 2014): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.258.
Crist, Eileen, and Helen Kopnina. “Unsettling Anthropocentrism.” Dialectical Anthropology 38, no. 4 (December 2014): 387–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-014-9362-1.
Djidin, M, and Sahiron Syamsuddin. “The Case of Quraish Shihab and Yudian Wahyudi on Qur’an 2: 30-38” 57, no. 1 (2019).
Emetumah, Faisal. “Modern Perspectives on Environmentalism: Ecocentrism and Technocentrism in the Nigerian Context.” Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (January 10, 2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2017/32821.
Fakur, Mohammad Ali, and Ujal Kumar Mookherjee. “An Ecofeminist and Third World Critique of Deep Ecology,” n.d.
Fata, Ahmad Khoirul. “Teologi Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perspektif Islam” 15 (2014).
Fennell, Davida. “Ecotourism, Animals and Ecocentrism: A Re-Examination of the Billfish Debate.” Tourism Recreation Research 38, no. 2 (January 2013): 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2013.11081744.
Gaard, Greta. “Ecofeminism and Climate Change.” Women’s Studies International Forum 49 (March 2015): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.02.004.
Gada, Mohd Yaseen. “Environmental Ethics in Islam: Principles and Perspectives,” 2014.
Gansmo Jakobsen, Trond. “Environmental Ethics: Anthropocentrism and Non-Anthropocentrism Revised in the Light of Critical Realism.” Journal of Critical Realism 16, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 184–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2016.1265878.
Gardiner, Mary M, Christopher B Riley, Riccardo Bommarco, and Erik Öckinger. “Rights‐of‐way: A Potential Conservation Resource.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16, no. 3 (April 2018): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1778.
“Indonesia Penyumbang Sampah Plastik Terbesar Ke-Dua Dunia.” Accessed March 10, 2023. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20160222182308-277-112685/indonesia-penyumbang-sampah-plastik-terbesar-ke-dua-dunia.
“Inilah Kondisi Beberapa Terumbu Karang Indonesia.. | Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.” Accessed March 10, 2023. http://lipi.go.id/lipimedia/Inilah-Kondisi-Beberapa-Terumbu-Karang-Indonesia/20566.
Israel, Andrei L., and Carolyn Sachs. “A Climate for Feminist Intervention: Feminist Science Studies and Climate Change.” In Research, Action and Policy: Addressing the Gendered Impacts of Climate Change, edited by Margaret Alston and Kerri Whittenbury, 33–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5518-5_3.
Jenkins, Willis, Evan Berry, and Luke Beck Kreider. “Religion and Climate Change,” n.d., 28.
Keraf, A. Sonny. Etika Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2010.
Kopnina, Helen. “Anthropocentrism and Post‐Humanism.” In The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology, edited by Hilary Callan, 1st ed., 1–8. Wiley, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2387.
———. “Of Big Hegemonies and Little Tigers: Ecocentrism and Environmental Justice.” The Journal of Environmental Education 47, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1048502.
Kronlid, David O., and Johan Öhman. “An Environmental Ethical Conceptual Framework for Research on Sustainability and Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 19, no. 1 (February 2013): 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.687043.
Levy, Barry S., and Jonathan A. Patz. “Climate Change, Human Rights, and Social Justice.” Annals of Global Health 81, no. 3 (November 27, 2015): 310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008.
Maldonado, Julie Koppel, Christine Shearer, Robin Bronen, Kristina Peterson, and Heather Lazrus. “The Impact of Climate Change on Tribal Communities in the US: Displacement, Relocation, and Human Rights.” Climatic Change, 2013.
Mardliyah, Watsiqotul, S. Sunardi, and Leo Agung. “Peran Manusia Sebagai Khalifah Allah di Muka Bumi: Perspektif Ekologis dalam Ajaran Islam.” JURNAL PENELITIAN 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 355. https://doi.org/10.21043/jp.v12i2.3523.
Mcleod, Elizabeth, and Martin Palmer. “Why Conservation Needs Religion.” Coastal Management 43, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 238–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2015.1030297.
McShane, Katie. “Anthropocentrism in Climate Ethics and Policy.” Midwest Studies In Philosophy 40, no. 1 (September 2016): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/misp.12055.
Millstein, Roberta L. “Environmental Ethics.” In The Philosophy of Biology, edited by Kostas Kampourakis, 1:723–43. History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6537-5_31.
Palmer, Clare, Katie McShane, and Ronald Sandler. “Environmental Ethics.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 39, no. 1 (October 17, 2014): 419–42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-121112-094434.
R. Rizk, Riham. “Islamic Environmental Ethics.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 5, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2012-0060.
Rogers, Chandler D. “Being Consistently Biocentric: On the (Im)Possibility of Spinozist Animal Ethics,” n.d.
Shahid, Ahmad. “Moral Kekhalifahan Manusia dalam Al-Qur’an...” 4, no. 2 (2020).
Shihab, M. Quraish. Toleransi: Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan Dan Keberagamaan. Pertama. Tangerang Selatan: PT. Lentera Hati, 2022.
———. Wasathiyyah: Wawasan Islam Tentang Moderasi Beragama. Kedua. Tangerang: PT. Lentera Hati, 2020.
Smith, William. “The Role of Environment Clubs in Promoting Ecocentrism in Secondary Schools: Student Identity and Relationship to the Earth.” The Journal of Environmental Education 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 52–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2018.1499603.
Stohr, Rachel A. “Transnational Feminism, Global Governance, and the Reimagination of the Organization-Society Relationship: A Case Study of the Women’s Environment and Development Organization: Transnational Feminism.” Communication Theory 25, no. 2 (May 2015): 208–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12063.
Surmeli, Hikmet, and Mehpare Saka. “Preservice Teachers’ Anthropocentric, Biocentric, and Ecocentric Environmental Ethics Approaches.” International Journal of Academic Research, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 159–63. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-5/B.23.
Waldmüller, Johannes M. “‘Living Well Rather Than Living Better’: Measuring Biocentric Human-Nature Rights and Human–Nature Development in Ecuador.” The International Journal of Social Quality 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2015). https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2015.050202.
“Walhi: 10 PLTU Batu Bara Sumbang 30 Persen Polusi Jakarta.” Accessed March 10, 2023. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190716161616-20-412627/walhi-10-pltu-batu-bara-sumbang-30-persen-polusi-jakarta.
Wong, Pak-Hang. “Confucian Environmental Ethics, Climate Engineering, and the ‘Playing God’ Argument: Zygon.” Zygon® 50, no. 1 (March 2015): 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12151.
Wu, Su-Chen. “Anthropocentric Obsession: The Perfuming Effects of Vāsanā (Habit-Energy) in Ālayavijñāna in the Lan˙kāvatāra Sūtra.” Contemporary Buddhism 15, no. 2 (July 3, 2014): 416–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2014.932500.
Yunfei, Zhang. “A Preliminary Study of Ecological Ethics.” Capitalism Nature Socialism 32, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2021.1880356.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/002023171630000
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Ied Al Munir
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
KALAM [ISSN: 0853-9510, e-ISSN: 2540-7759] published by Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung in collaboration with Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam (Islamic Theology and Philosophy Association)
Office: Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung. Letkol H. Endro Suratmin Street, Sukarame, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, Postal code 34513. Website: http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/kalam, Email: kalam@radenintan.ac.id.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.